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This article presents an integrated set of Bayesian tools one can use to model heterogeneous event counts. While models for event count cross sections are now widely used, little has been written about how to model counts when contextual factors introduce heterogeneity. The author begins with a discussion of Bayesian cross-sectional count models and discusses an alternative model for counts with overdispersion. To illustrate the Bayesian framework, the author fits the model to the number of women's rights cosponsorships for each member of the 83rd to 102nd House of Representatives. The model is generalized to allow for contextual heterogeneity. The hierarchical model allows one to explicitly model contextual factors and test alternative contextual explanations, even with a small number of contextual units. The author compares the estimates from this model with traditional approaches and discusses software one can use to easily implement these Bayesian models with little start-up cost.

To what extent does the separation of powers affect congressional roll call voting behavior? To answer this question, I offer a strategic model of congressional decision making that asserts members of Congress pursue public policy goals when casting roll call votes. From the equilibrium predictions of a formal model, I generate testable hypotheses by computing the expected net amount of sophisticated (nonsincere) congressional behavior given changes in decision context. I test the predictions of the theoretical model with data from all civil rights roll call votes from the 83d to the 102d Congress. The results demonstrate that both the other legislative chamber and the Supreme Court profoundly constrain House members and senators when casting roll call votes. This is strong evidence of the importance of policy outcomes to members of Congress when voting on the floor.

To what extent does the separation of powers affect congressional roll call voting behavior? To answer this question, I offer a strategic model of congressional decision making that asserts members of Congress pursue public policy goals when casting roll call votes. From the equilibrium predictions of a formal model, I generate testable hypotheses by computing the expected net amount of sophisticated (nonsincere) congressional behavior given changes in decision context. I test the predications of the theoretical model with data from all civil rights roll call votes from the 83d to the 102d Congress. The results demonstrate that both the other legislative chamber & the Supreme Court profoundly constrain House members & senators when casting roll call votes. This is strong evidence of the importance of policy outcomes to members of Congress when voting on the floor. 2 Tables, 7 Figures, 1 Appendix, 49 References. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction / Patrice Petro and Andrew Martin -- Future-war storytelling : national security and popular film / Doug Davis -- Visions of security : impermeable borders, impassable walls, impossible home/lands? / Mary N. Layoun -- The origins of the danger market / Marcus Bullock -- Cold War redux / Robert Ricigliano and Mike Allen -- Popular culture and narratives of insecurity / Andrew Martin -- Fearful thoughts : U.S. television post 9/11 and the wars in Iraq / Patricia Mellencamp -- Planet patrol : satellite imaging, acts of knowledge, and global security / Lisa Parks -- Intermedia and the War on Terror / James Castonguay -- Remapping the visual war on terrorism : "U.S. internationalism" and transnational citizenship / Wendy Kozol and Rebecca DeCola -- Picturing torture : Gulf wars past and present / Tony Grajeda

Universities globally have continued to strategically increase work-integrated learning (WIL) opportunities for students to enhance graduate employability. However, meeting the needs of the increasing number of placements in industry settings places challenges on employers and academic programme coordinators. This paper examines an innovative teaching and learning initiative demonstrating non-placement WIL practice on-campus and online through an exercise prescription clinic (EPC). The benefits provided by these opportunities have not only been for student learning, but for clients, in particular those impacted by neurological and/or muscular skeletal problems. The development of the on-campus EPC has focused on key elements of good practice in WIL highlighted by Agnew, Pill and Orrell (2017). The recent Covid-19 pandemic and the related government restrictions have resulted in the on-campus EPC being flipped online, requiring adaptability and flexibility of both students and clients. This paper reinforces the importance of developing WIL experiences that enhance the learning outcomes for both the student and the client. It also highlights the transferability of authentic industry non-placement WIL clinical experiences for future health professionals to both on-campus and online settings, which enable students the opportunity to engage with a range of clients in a safe environment, enhancing both personal and professional learning outcomes.

Part 2: Novel Sources of Trust and Trust Information ; International audience ; Many government agencies (GAs) increasingly rely on external computing, communications and storage services supplied by service providers (SPs) to process, store or transmit sensitive data to increase scalability and decrease the costs of maintaining services. The relationships with external SPs are usually established through service level agreements (SLAs) as trust-enhancing instruments. However, there is a concern that existing SLAs are mainly focused on the system availability and performance aspects, but overlook security in SLAs. In this paper, we investigated 'real world' SLAs in terms of security guarantees between GAs and external SPs, using Indonesia as a case study. This paper develops a grounded adaptive Delphi method to clarify the current and potential attributes of security-related SLAs that are common among external service offerings. To this end, we conducted a longitudinal study of the Indonesian government auctions of 59 e-procurement services from 2010–2016 to find 'auction winners'. Further, we contacted five selected major SPs (n = 15 participants) to participate in a three-round Delphi study. Using a grounded theory analysis, we examined the Delphi study data to categorise and generalise the extracted statements in the process of developing propositions. We observed that most of the GAs placed significant importance on service availability, but security capabilities of the SPs were not explicitly expressed in SLAs. Additionally, the GAs often use the provision of service availability to demand additional security capabilities supplied by the SPs. We also observed that most of the SPs found difficulties in addressing data confidentiality and integrity in SLAs. Overall, our findings call for a proposition-driven analysis of the Delphi study data to establish the foundation for incorporating security capabilities into security-related SLAs.