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Este artigo apresenta os resultados e a análise de um estudo que focalizou os processos locais de implantação das agendas sociais - Cidades Saudáveis e Agenda 21 - em municípios da região Sudeste do Brasil, relacionando o esforço realizado e seus efeitos sobre os determinantes sociais de saúde, especialmente os que podem ser apreendidos considerando-se a relação entre atores sociais e sistema. Realizaram-se estudos de caso em seis municípios para análise da experiência social de implementação da respectiva agenda. Entrevistas individuais e coletivas, levantamento de documentação e observação direta produziram os dados que foram analisados em função de temas de pesquisa previamente definidos. Resultados demonstram que valores como participação, construção coletiva de políticas, sustentabilidade e empoderamento, passam a integrar o ideário e a experiência dos atores diretamente envolvidos, além de interferirem ao ponto de ações positivas serem adotadas e implementadas, para promover a saúde e a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos que vivem nestes locais.

Anthracene oil has been used as raw material for the production of carbon precursors via conventional and microwave technologies. Cokes with comparable characteristics have been obtained, suggesting that their structural order is primarily reliant on the precursor rather the heating method. However, microwave route is a more energy efficient process, achieving electricity savings of up to 60%. Furthermore, graphites produced from microwave-derived precursors show an excellent graphitization degree, which makes them appropriate starting resources for the synthesis of graphene-like materials with similar characteristics to those obtained from conventional means. Therefore, microwave-assisted heating approach appears to be a suitable and energy saving alternative for the production of carbon precursors. ; Authors would like to extend their gratitude to the European Union's Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS) research programme for the received funding under the grant agreement RFCR-CT-2015-00006. ; Peer reviewed

Background: Dietary advice remains the cornerstone of prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, understanding the efficacy of dietary interventions is confounded by the challenges inherent in assessing free living diet. Here we profiled dietary metabolites to investigate glycaemic deterioration and cardiometabolic risk in people at risk of or living with T2D. Methods: We analysed data from plasma collected at baseline and 18-month follow-up in individuals from the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) cohort 1 n = 403 individuals with normal or impaired glucose regulation (prediabetic) and cohort 2 n = 458 individuals with new onset of T2D. A dietary metabolite profile model (T pred ) was constructed using multivariable regression of 113 plasma metabolites obtained from targeted metabolomics assays. The continuous T pred score was used to explore the relationships between diet, glycaemic deterioration and cardio-metabolic risk via multiple linear regression models. Findings: A higher T pred score was associated with healthier diets high in wholegrain (β=3.36 g, 95% CI 0.31, 6.40 and β=2.82 g, 95% CI 0.06, 5.57) and lower energy intake (β=-75.53 kcal, 95% CI -144.71, -2.35 and β=-122.51 kcal, 95% CI -186.56, -38.46), and saturated fat (β=-0.92 g, 95% CI -1.56, -0.28 and β=–0.98 g, 95% CI -1.53, -0.42 g), respectively for cohort 1 and 2. In both cohorts a higher T pred score was also associated with lower total body adiposity and favourable lipid profiles HDL-cholesterol (β=0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03, 0.1), (β=0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04, 0.1), and triglycerides (β=-0.1 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.2, -0.03), (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.3, -0.09), respectively for cohort 1 and 2. In cohort 2, the T pred score was negatively associated with liver fat (β=-0.74%, 95% CI -0.67, -0.81), and lower fasting concentrations of HbA1c (β=-0.9 mmol/mol, 95% CI -1.5, -0.1), glucose (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.4, -0.05) and insulin (β=-11.0 pmol/mol, 95% CI -19.5, -2.6). Longitudinal analysis showed at 18-month follow up a higher T pred score was also associated lower total body adiposity in both cohorts and lower fasting glucose (β=-0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.3, -0.01) and insulin (β=-9.2 pmol/mol, 95% CI -17.9, -0.4) concentrations in cohort 2. Interpretation: Plasma dietary metabolite profiling provides objective measures of diet intake, showing a relationship to glycaemic deterioration and cardiometabolic health. Funding: This work was supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115,317 (DIRECT), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) and EFPIA companies.