The publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2014" is the sixteenth edition of the annual publications by the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE). This analytical economic survey of agriculture, processing industry and fisheries was prepared referring to the statistical information, accountability data of companies, and the findings of research conducted by the LIAE staff. The year 2014, full of ordeals, changes and challenges, was complicated for Lithuania's agriculture and food sector. A decline in agricultural product purchase prices resulted in a drop of gross output (at current prices) by 7.7%. Export of agricultural and food products also went down, even though export in products of Lithuanian origin in 2014 was by 0.7% higher as compared to 2013. Balance of foreign trade in agricultural and food products has been positive since 2004. In 2014, it was 1.8 times higher than in 2010 and amounted to EUR 963 million. National agricultural development was further encouraged by the European Union (EU) and national budget support. Due to delay in funding of the 2014–2020 period measures, the amount of funds allocated for 2014 agricultural direct and investment support, intervention and other market regulation measures was lower by 6.5% than 2013. The publication provides the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indicators, special attention focusing on the events and outcomes in 2014, except a review "Achievements of the agricultural and agri-food sector in the framework of the objectives of the CAP over the EU membership decade". Pursuing the opportunity to compare the key tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. As in any previous year, some preliminary statistical indicators for the year 2014 were used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be reflected in the later publications of the Department of Statistics and in the next-year LIAE survey. Insignificant deviations due to rounding are possible in statistical data.
The publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2014" is the sixteenth edition of the annual publications by the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE). This analytical economic survey of agriculture, processing industry and fisheries was prepared referring to the statistical information, accountability data of companies, and the findings of research conducted by the LIAE staff. The year 2014, full of ordeals, changes and challenges, was complicated for Lithuania's agriculture and food sector. A decline in agricultural product purchase prices resulted in a drop of gross output (at current prices) by 7.7%. Export of agricultural and food products also went down, even though export in products of Lithuanian origin in 2014 was by 0.7% higher as compared to 2013. Balance of foreign trade in agricultural and food products has been positive since 2004. In 2014, it was 1.8 times higher than in 2010 and amounted to EUR 963 million. National agricultural development was further encouraged by the European Union (EU) and national budget support. Due to delay in funding of the 2014–2020 period measures, the amount of funds allocated for 2014 agricultural direct and investment support, intervention and other market regulation measures was lower by 6.5% than 2013. The publication provides the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indicators, special attention focusing on the events and outcomes in 2014, except a review "Achievements of the agricultural and agri-food sector in the framework of the objectives of the CAP over the EU membership decade". Pursuing the opportunity to compare the key tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. As in any previous year, some preliminary statistical indicators for the year 2014 were used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be reflected in the later publications of the Department of Statistics and in the next-year LIAE survey. Insignificant deviations due to rounding are possible in statistical data.
The publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2014" is the sixteenth edition of the annual publications by the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE). This analytical economic survey of agriculture, processing industry and fisheries was prepared referring to the statistical information, accountability data of companies, and the findings of research conducted by the LIAE staff. The year 2014, full of ordeals, changes and challenges, was complicated for Lithuania's agriculture and food sector. A decline in agricultural product purchase prices resulted in a drop of gross output (at current prices) by 7.7%. Export of agricultural and food products also went down, even though export in products of Lithuanian origin in 2014 was by 0.7% higher as compared to 2013. Balance of foreign trade in agricultural and food products has been positive since 2004. In 2014, it was 1.8 times higher than in 2010 and amounted to EUR 963 million. National agricultural development was further encouraged by the European Union (EU) and national budget support. Due to delay in funding of the 2014–2020 period measures, the amount of funds allocated for 2014 agricultural direct and investment support, intervention and other market regulation measures was lower by 6.5% than 2013. The publication provides the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indicators, special attention focusing on the events and outcomes in 2014, except a review "Achievements of the agricultural and agri-food sector in the framework of the objectives of the CAP over the EU membership decade". Pursuing the opportunity to compare the key tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. As in any previous year, some preliminary statistical indicators for the year 2014 were used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be reflected in the later publications of the Department of Statistics and in the next-year LIAE survey. Insignificant deviations due to rounding are possible in statistical data.
Blazheva V. Aspects of economic policy in the agricultural sector. The Common Agricultural Policy consists of European legislative acts and practices intended to implement a common (uniform) policy in the sphere of agriculture. This paper aims to study the tools and mechanisms of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union – a policy with a 50-year-old history and its application in agriculture. The emphasis is on the ongoing reforms in the sector and the challenges for the implementation of the European agricultural policy after 2013. The "European model of sustainable agriculture" (a policy consistent with the agricultural expenditure in the EU financial framework until 2013 and aimed at improving the Common Agricultural Policy) is to achieve sustainable development, high quality health products and methods for sustainable environmentally-friendly manufacturing. The European Union membership leads to greater predictability and consistency of agricultural policy and, respectively, of prices. The Common Agricultural Policy is flexible and in tune with reality, in which it must function; the changes are not surprising or arbitrary, as it sometimes happens with national policies. After 2013, the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union will be directed to sustaining the population, sustainable use of natural resources and economic development ofEurope's rural areas.Блажева В. Аспекты экономической политики в аграрном секторе. Общая сельскохозяйственная политика состоит из европейских законодательных актов и практик, целью которой является проведение общей (единой) политики в области сельского хозяйства. Настоящая разработка преследует цель исследовать инструменты и механизмы Общей сельскохозяйственной политики Европейского союза – политики с 50-летней историей и ее применение в аграрном секторе. Внимание акцентируется на проводимых реформах в секторе и вызовах о проведении европейской сельскохозяйственной политики после2013 г. "Европейская модель устойчивого сельского хозяйства" (политика, учитывающая расходы на сельское хозяйство в финансовой рамке Союза до2013 г. и направленная на усовершенствование Общей сельскохозяйственной политики) выражается в достижении устойчивого развития, здоровых высококачественных продуктах и методах устойчивого экологичного производства. Членство в Европейском союзе ведет к лучшей предвидимости и последовательности политики в сфере сельского хозяйства и, соответственно, цен. Общая сельскохозяйственная политика гибка и находится в синхроне с действительностью, в которой должна функционировать; перемены не являются неожиданными или произвольными, как иногда происходит с национальными политиками. После2013 г. Общая сельскохозяйственная политика Европейского союза будет направлена на обеспечение населения продуктами питания, устойчивое использование природных ресурсов и экономическое развитие европейских сельских районов.Блажева В. Аспекти економічної політики в аграрному секторі. Загальна сільськогосподарська політика складається з європейських законодавчих актів і практик, метою якої є проведення загальної (єдиної) політики в області сільського господарства. Справжня розробка переслідує мету дослідити інструменти та механізми Спільної сільськогосподарської політики Європейського союзу - політики з 50-річною історією і її застосування в аграрному секторі. Увага акцентується на проведених реформах у секторі та викликах про проведення європейської сільськогосподарської політики після 2013 р. "Європейська модель сталого сільського господарства" (політика, що враховує витрати на сільське господарство у фінансовій рамці Союзу до 2013 р. і спрямована на удосконалення Спільної сільськогосподарської політики) виражається в досягненні сталого розвитку, здорових високоякісних продуктах і методи стійкого екологічного виробництва. Членство в Європейському союзі веде до кращої предвидимом і послідовності політики у сфері сільського господарства і, відповідно, цін. Загальна сільськогосподарська політика гнучка і знаходиться в синхроні з дійсністю, в якій повинна функціонувати; зміни не є несподіваними або довільними, як іноді відбувається з національними політиками. Після 2013 р. Загальна сільськогосподарська політика Європейського союзу буде спрямована на забезпечення населення продуктами харчування, стале використання природних ресурсів та економічний розвиток європейських сільських районів.
This article examines the structures of information transfer to the agricultural (production) and agro-alimentary (transformation and commercialization of the products) sector within Spain. An historical perspective is provided to better illustrate the reality and complexity of Spain with regard to the systems of agrarian extension, agricultural research, the resources provided by Spain's central administration, and the use of information by related enterprises. The Service of Agrarian Extension appeared in Spain in the 1950s, and new political-administrative structures (agribusiness associations, cooperatives) were founded when Spain became a democratic nation in the late 1970s and with the arrival of electronic information, largely in the 1990s. We describe the research and technological centers supporting innovation in the agro-alimentary sector and the communication media dedicated to the agricultural sector. The article illustrates that the systems of agricultural information in Spain have been largely derived from initiatives of the Public Administration, with few private initiatives.
The article is devoted to the problems of hostile takeovers in the agrarian sector of Ukrainian economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the causes of raiding and to develop provisions on effective state mechanisms to overcome this negative phenomenon. The author pays special attention to the solutions that will help agrarians to withstand raiding. Investigating the factors of raiding, there was the lack of a single state register of common agricultural land. According to the author, farmer`s non-acquaintance as well as the lack of information connections between different state bodies creates a situation in which farmers are not able to protect their own household. Consequently, further scientific developments should relate to the aspect on agricultural land`s data interchange. No less important reason for raiding is the lack of a free land market and a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land. However, the author does not agree that cancellation of land moratorium will be a sufficient measure, because without proper legal and informational support, farmers can lose land due to the lack of conditions for the launch of a free land market. Of course, institutional changes are also important, that is, the launch and functioning of a body that will monitor the preservation of quality, quantity and use of land for their intended purpose. The author observes that it is necessary to define the meaning of the concept of "raidering" applying it into legislative. However, the above-mentioned measures will only be effective if corruption in state authorities, including in courts and law enforcement agencies will be defeated.
Agriculture is among the most risk-prone sectors in the economies of Central Asia. Production shocks from weather, pests and diseases and adverse movements in agricultural product and input prices not only impact farmers and agri-business firms, but can also strain government finances. Some of these risks are small and localized and can be managed by producers. Others are the result of more severe, exogenous shocks outside agriculture or outside the country, which require a broader response. Failure to respond adequately to these more severe risks leads to a perpetual cycle of 'shock-recovery-shock', which reinforces poverty traps and compromises long-term growth. The agriculture sector's exposure to production and price risk is increasing. Climate change is increasing production risks in the short to medium-term by increasing the frequency and severity of droughts and floods and in the longer-term by reducing the availability of water for irrigation due to accelerated glacial melt. The modernization and commercialization of agricultural production and processing, which is critical for sector growth, also raises the sector's exposure to price risk at a time of high volatility on international markets for agricultural commodities. An effective response to these risks requires a broader, more integrated approach to risk management than the current system of ex-ante, public sector activity associated with crop and livestock disease and ad hoc, ex-post emergency responses to local disasters. Measures to strengthen risk mitigation need to be mainstreamed into sector development and investment programs, additional human and financial resources need to be allocated to the public institutions responsible for ex-ante and ex-post risk management, and the potential for transfer (insurance) mechanisms will need to be clarified and developed where feasible. Given the limited human and financial resources available for public sector activity, a clear sense of the priorities for agriculture risk management is also required, together with a balanced view of the respective roles of public and private sector stakeholders.
