Suchergebnisse

Abstract: The Home Office is embarked upon the third phase of major prison system expansion since 1959. It is planned that by the end of the 1980s there will be an additional 10, 000 cells and 5,000 prison officers. Although this latest initiative might be regarded as business as usual, it is of interest to note how the official rationale has changed over the last 25 years. In the 1960s, the justification for new prisons was 'effective classification and training' and (with the high profile escapes of the mid‐1960s) on maximum security institutions. In the 1970s, 'the bogus numbers game' was used as the rationale for a new prison building programme. However, the predicted massive increases in prison population failed to materialise, and the Home Office has now shifted its ground to 'the creaking door syndrome'. Political choices exist as to the prison system size for the turn of the century. Perpetual expansion should be rejected in favour of reductionist policy.

A warning that the new legislation could significantly increase the flow of young persons into custody, with an erosion of custodial standards, and the entrenchment of young offenders in crime. The author calls for a 'moral crusade' to counteract the impetus of the Right in penal policy.

A Passage to India can be regarded as a historical document, a philosophical statement and a work of conscious literary art. Its criticism has got to focus on its political~ ethical and metaphysical implications as well as such features as its comedy, characterization, symbolism, organization and esthetic qualities. ; N/A

This review points out confusion surrounding the concept and use of mental models from the viewpoints of both human factors and psychology. Noted are the ways in which the notion is conceived according to the needs and approaches of different specialties, and the relationships of mental models to other forms of knowledge representation are considered. The manner in which the human factors community has and should utilize the concept in applications across a number of fields is addressed and discussed in relation to the psychological perspective.